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What is the role of doctors in respect of suspects with mental health and intellectual disabilities in police custody?
- G. Gulati, B. D. Kelly, W. Cullen, S. Kukaswadia, A. Cusack, S. Kilcommins, C. P. Dunne
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- Journal:
- Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine / Volume 40 / Issue 3 / September 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 April 2021, pp. 494-499
- Print publication:
- September 2023
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People with severe mental illness and intellectual disabilities are overrepresented in the criminal justice system worldwide and this is also the case in Ireland. Following Ireland’s ratification of the United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities in 2018, there has been an increasing emphasis on ensuring access to justice for people with disabilities as in Article 13. For people with mental health and intellectual disabilities, this requires a multi-agency approach and a useful point of intervention may be at the police custody stage. Medicine has a key role to play both in advocacy and in practice. We suggest a functional approach to assessment, in practice, and list key considerations for doctors attending police custody suites. Improved training opportunities and greater resources are needed for general practitioners and psychiatrists who attend police custody suites to help fulfill this role.
Neutron Star Extreme Matter Observatory: A kilohertz-band gravitational-wave detector in the global network
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- K. Ackley, V. B. Adya, P. Agrawal, P. Altin, G. Ashton, M. Bailes, E. Baltinas, A. Barbuio, D. Beniwal, C. Blair, D. Blair, G. N. Bolingbroke, V. Bossilkov, S. Shachar Boublil, D. D. Brown, B. J. Burridge, J. Calderon Bustillo, J. Cameron, H. Tuong Cao, J. B. Carlin, S. Chang, P. Charlton, C. Chatterjee, D. Chattopadhyay, X. Chen, J. Chi, J. Chow, Q. Chu, A. Ciobanu, T. Clarke, P. Clearwater, J. Cooke, D. Coward, H. Crisp, R. J. Dattatri, A. T. Deller, D. A. Dobie, L. Dunn, P. J. Easter, J. Eichholz, R. Evans, C. Flynn, G. Foran, P. Forsyth, Y. Gai, S. Galaudage, D. K. Galloway, B. Gendre, B. Goncharov, S. Goode, D. Gozzard, B. Grace, A. W. Graham, A. Heger, F. Hernandez Vivanco, R. Hirai, N. A. Holland, Z. J. Holmes, E. Howard, E. Howell, G. Howitt, M. T. Hübner, J. Hurley, C. Ingram, V. Jaberian Hamedan, K. Jenner, L. Ju, D. P. Kapasi, T. Kaur, N. Kijbunchoo, M. Kovalam, R. Kumar Choudhary, P. D. Lasky, M. Y. M. Lau, J. Leung, J. Liu, K. Loh, A. Mailvagan, I. Mandel, J. J. McCann, D. E. McClelland, K. McKenzie, D. McManus, T. McRae, A. Melatos, P. Meyers, H. Middleton, M. T. Miles, M. Millhouse, Y. Lun Mong, B. Mueller, J. Munch, J. Musiov, S. Muusse, R. S. Nathan, Y. Naveh, C. Neijssel, B. Neil, S. W. S. Ng, V. Oloworaran, D. J. Ottaway, M. Page, J. Pan, M. Pathak, E. Payne, J. Powell, J. Pritchard, E. Puckridge, A. Raidani, V. Rallabhandi, D. Reardon, J. A. Riley, L. Roberts, I. M. Romero-Shaw, T. J. Roocke, G. Rowell, N. Sahu, N. Sarin, L. Sarre, H. Sattari, M. Schiworski, S. M. Scott, R. Sengar, D. Shaddock, R. Shannon, J. SHI, P. Sibley, B. J. J. Slagmolen, T. Slaven-Blair, R. J. E. Smith, J. Spollard, L. Steed, L. Strang, H. Sun, A. Sunderland, S. Suvorova, C. Talbot, E. Thrane, D. Töyrä, P. Trahanas, A. Vajpeyi, J. V. van Heijningen, A. F. Vargas, P. J. Veitch, A. Vigna-Gomez, A. Wade, K. Walker, Z. Wang, R. L. Ward, K. Ward, S. Webb, L. Wen, K. Wette, R. Wilcox, J. Winterflood, C. Wolf, B. Wu, M. Jet Yap, Z. You, H. Yu, J. Zhang, J. Zhang, C. Zhao, X. Zhu
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- Journal:
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 37 / 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 November 2020, e047
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Gravitational waves from coalescing neutron stars encode information about nuclear matter at extreme densities, inaccessible by laboratory experiments. The late inspiral is influenced by the presence of tides, which depend on the neutron star equation of state. Neutron star mergers are expected to often produce rapidly rotating remnant neutron stars that emit gravitational waves. These will provide clues to the extremely hot post-merger environment. This signature of nuclear matter in gravitational waves contains most information in the 2–4 kHz frequency band, which is outside of the most sensitive band of current detectors. We present the design concept and science case for a Neutron Star Extreme Matter Observatory (NEMO): a gravitational-wave interferometer optimised to study nuclear physics with merging neutron stars. The concept uses high-circulating laser power, quantum squeezing, and a detector topology specifically designed to achieve the high-frequency sensitivity necessary to probe nuclear matter using gravitational waves. Above 1 kHz, the proposed strain sensitivity is comparable to full third-generation detectors at a fraction of the cost. Such sensitivity changes expected event rates for detection of post-merger remnants from approximately one per few decades with two A+ detectors to a few per year and potentially allow for the first gravitational-wave observations of supernovae, isolated neutron stars, and other exotica.
Tongue–lip adhesion and tongue repositioning for obstructive sleep apnoea in Pierre Robin sequence: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- M Camacho, M W Noller, S Zaghi, L K Reckley, C Fernandez-Salvador, E Ho, B Dunn, D K Chan
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 131 / Issue 5 / May 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 February 2017, pp. 378-383
- Print publication:
- May 2017
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Objective:
To search for studies on tongue–lip adhesion and tongue repositioning used as isolated treatments for obstructive sleep apnoea in children with Pierre Robin sequence.
Methods:A systematic literature search of PubMed/Medline and three additional databases, from inception through to 8 July 2016, was performed by two authors.
Results:Seven studies with 90 patients (59 tongue–lip adhesion and 31 tongue repositioning patients) met the inclusion criteria. Tongue–lip adhesion reduced the mean (± standard deviation) apnoea/hypopnoea index from 30.8 ± 22.3 to 15.4 ± 18.9 events per hour (50 per cent reduction). The apnoea/hypopnoea index mean difference for tongue–lip adhesion was −15.28 events per hour (95 per cent confidence interval = −30.70 to 0.15; p = 0.05). Tongue–lip adhesion improved the lowest oxygen saturation from 75.8 ± 6.8 to 84.4 ± 7.3 per cent. Tongue repositioning reduced the apnoea/hypopnoea index from 46.5 to 17.4 events per hour (62.6 per cent reduction). Tongue repositioning improved the mean oxygen saturation from 90.8 ± 1.2 to 95.0 ± 0.5 per cent.
Conclusion:Tongue–lip adhesion and tongue repositioning can improve apnoea/hypopnoea index and oxygenation parameters in children with Pierre Robin sequence and obstructive sleep apnoea.
A pilot study of performance among hospitalised elderly patients on a novel test of visuospatial cognition: the letter and shape drawing (LSD) test
- D. White, O. A. Williams, M. Leonard, C. Exton, D. Adamis, A. Hannigan, W. Cullen, C. P. Dunne, D. Meagher
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- Journal:
- Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine / Volume 34 / Issue 3 / September 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 November 2016, pp. 169-175
- Print publication:
- September 2017
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Objectives
Conventional bedside tests of visuospatial function such as the clock drawing (CDT) and intersecting pentagons tests (IPT) are subject to considerable inconsistency in their delivery and interpretation. We compared performance on a novel test – the letter and shape drawing (LSD) test – with these conventional tests in hospitalised elderly patients.
MethodsThe LSD, IPT, CDT and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were performed in 40 acute elderly medical inpatients at University Hospital Limerick The correlation between these tests was examined as well as the accuracy of the visuospatial tests to identify significant cognitive impairment on the MoCA.
ResultsThe patients (mean age 81.0±7.71; 21 female) had a median MoCA score of 15.5 (range=1–29). There was a strong, positive correlation between the LSD and both the CDT (r=0.56) and IPT (r=0.71). The correlation between the LSD and MoCA (r=0.91) was greater than for the CDT and IPT (both 0.67). The LSD correlated highly with all MoCA domains (ranging from 0.54 to 0.86) and especially for the domains of orientation (r=0.86), attention (0.81) and visuospatial function (r=0.73). Two or more errors on the LSD identified 90% (26/29) of those patients with MoCA scores of ⩽20, which was substantially higher than for the CDT (59%) and IPT (55%).
ConclusionThe LSD is a novel test of visuospatial function that is brief, readily administered and easily interpreted. Performance correlates strongly with other tests of visuospatial ability, with favourable ability to identify patients with significant impairment of general cognition.
Using electronic medical records to determine prevalence and treatment of mental disorders in primary care: a database study
- M. Gleeson, A. Hannigan, R. Jamali, K. Su Lin, J. Klimas, M. Mannix, Y. Nathan, R. O’Connor, C. O’Gorman, C. Dunne, D. Meagher, W. Cullen
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- Journal:
- Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine / Volume 33 / Issue 1 / March 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 April 2015, pp. 3-12
- Print publication:
- March 2016
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Objectives
With prevention and treatment of mental disorders a challenge for primary care and increasing capability of electronic medical records (EMRs) to facilitate research in practice, we aim to determine the prevalence and treatment of mental disorders by using routinely collected clinical data contained in EMRs.
MethodsWe reviewed EMRs of patients randomly sampled from seven general practices, by piloting a study instrument and extracting data on mental disorders and their treatment.
ResultsData were collected on 690 patients (age range 18–95, 52% male, 52% GMS-eligible). A mental disorder (most commonly anxiety/stress, depression and problem alcohol use) was recorded in the clinical records of 139 (20%) during the 2-year study period. While most patients with the common disorders had been prescribed medication (i.e. antidepressants or benzodiazepines), a minority had been referred to other agencies or received psychological interventions. ‘Free text’ consultation notes and ‘prescriptions’ were how most patients with disorders were identified. Diagnostic coding alone would have failed to identify 92% of patients with a disorder.
ConclusionsAlthough mental disorders are common in general practice, this study suggests their formal diagnosis, disease coding and access to psychological treatments are priorities for future research efforts.
Adequacy of Pharmacotherapy Among Medicaid-Enrolled Patients Newly Diagnosed with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
- Cheryl S. Hankin, Lorrin M. Koran, Amy Bronstone, Donald W. Black, David V. Sheehan, Eric Hollander, Jeffrey D. Dunn, Larry Culpepper, John Knispel, Darin D. Dougherty, Zhaohui Wang
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- Journal:
- CNS Spectrums / Volume 14 / Issue 12 / December 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 November 2014, pp. 695-703
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Objective: To determine the adequacy of pharmacotherapy received by patients with newly-diagnosed obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), based on current practice guidelines.
Methods: A 9 year (1997–2006) retrospective claims analysis of adults enrolled in Florida Medicaid for at least 3 continuous years was conducted to determine the percentage who received both a minimally effective duration (≥ 8 continuous weeks) and dose of first-line OCD pharmacotherapy during the year following their first (“index”) OCD diagnosis.
Results: Among 2,960,421 adult (≥ 18 years of age) enrollees, 2,921 (0.1%) were diagnosed with OCD. Among the 2,825 OCD patients without comorbid Asperger syndrome or autism, 843 had newly-diagnosed OCD and at least 12 months of follow-up data after their index diagnosis. Among these 843 patients, 588 (69.7%) received first-line OCD pharmacotherapy but only 323 (38.3%) received a minimally effective pharmacotherapy trial in the year following their index diagnosis.
Conclusions: Among clinically-diagnosed persons with OCD (<10% of those with the disorder), a minority of newly-diagnosed patients receive a minimally effective pharmacotherapy trial consistent with current standards of care. Reasons such as limited patient adherence and/or physician awareness of guidelines must be identified and redressed to ameliorate the patient, healthcare system, and economic burdens associated with OCD.
10-year outcome study of an early intervention program for psychosis compared with standard care service
- S. K. W. Chan, H. C. So, C. L. M. Hui, W. C. Chang, E. H. M. Lee, D. W. S. Chung, S. Tso, S. F. Hung, K. C. Yip, E. Dunn, E. Y. H. Chen
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 45 / Issue 6 / April 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 September 2014, pp. 1181-1193
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Background.
Despite evidence on the short-term benefits of early intervention (EI) service for psychosis, long-term outcome studies are limited by inconsistent results. This study examined the 10-year outcomes of patients with first-episode psychosis who received 2-year territory-wide EI service compared to those who received standard care (SC) in Hong Kong using an historical control design.
Method.Consecutive patients who received the EI service between 1 July 2001 and 30 June 2002, and with diagnosis of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, were identified and matched with patients who received SC first presented to the public psychiatric service from 1 July 2000 to 30 June 2001. In total, 148 matched pairs of patients were identified. Cross-sectional information on symptomatology and functioning was obtained through semi-structured interview; longitudinal information on hospitalization, functioning, suicide attempts, mortality and relapse over 10 years was obtained from clinical database. There were 70.3% (N = 104) of SC and 74.3% (N = 110) of EI patients interviewed.
Results.Results suggested that EI patients had reduced suicide rate (χ2(1) = 4.35, p = 0.037), fewer number [odds ratio (OR) 1.56, χ2 = 15.64, p < 0.0001] and shorter duration of hospitalization (OR 1.29, χ2 = 4.06, p = 0.04), longer employment periods (OR −0.28, χ2 = 14.64, p < 0.0001) and fewer suicide attempts (χ2 = 11.47, df = 1, p = 0.001) over 10 years. At 10 years, no difference was found in psychotic symptoms, symptomatic remission and functional recovery.
Conclusions.The short-term benefits of the EI service on number of hospitalizations and employment was sustained after service termination, but the differences narrowed down. This suggests the need to evaluate the optimal duration of the EI service.
Combat trauma-associated invasive fungal wound infections: epidemiology and clinical classification
- A. C. WEINTROB, A. B. WEISBROD, J. R. DUNNE, C. J. RODRIGUEZ, D. MALONE, B. A. LLOYD, T. E. WARKENTIEN, J. WELLS, C. K. MURRAY, W. BRADLEY, F. SHAIKH, J. SHAH, D. AGGARWAL, M. L. CARSON, D. R. TRIBBLE, the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program Trauma Infectious Disease Outcomes Study Group
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 143 / Issue 1 / January 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 March 2014, pp. 214-224
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The emergence of invasive fungal wound infections (IFIs) in combat casualties led to development of a combat trauma-specific IFI case definition and classification. Prospective data were collected from 1133 US military personnel injured in Afghanistan (June 2009–August 2011). The IFI rates ranged from 0·2% to 11·7% among ward and intensive care unit admissions, respectively (6·8% overall). Seventy-seven IFI cases were classified as proven/probable (n = 54) and possible/unclassifiable (n = 23) and compared in a case-case analysis. There was no difference in clinical characteristics between the proven/probable and possible/unclassifiable cases. Possible IFI cases had shorter time to diagnosis (P = 0·02) and initiation of antifungal therapy (P = 0·05) and fewer operative visits (P = 0·002) compared to proven/probable cases, but clinical outcomes were similar between the groups. Although the trauma-related IFI classification scheme did not provide prognostic information, it is an effective tool for clinical and epidemiological surveillance and research.
EMU: Evolutionary Map of the Universe
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- Ray P. Norris, A. M. Hopkins, J. Afonso, S. Brown, J. J. Condon, L. Dunne, I. Feain, R. Hollow, M. Jarvis, M. Johnston-Hollitt, E. Lenc, E. Middelberg, P. Padovani, I. Prandoni, L. Rudnick, N. Seymour, G. Umana, H. Andernach, D. M. Alexander, P. N. Appleton, D. Bacon, J. Banfield, W. Becker, M. J. I. Brown, P. Ciliegi, C. Jackson, S. Eales, A. C. Edge, B. M. Gaensler, G. Giovannini, C. A. Hales, P. Hancock, M. T. Huynh, E. Ibar, R. J. Ivison, R. Kennicutt, Amy E. Kimball, A. M. Koekemoer, B. S. Koribalski, Á. R. López-Sánchez, M. Y. Mao, T. Murphy, H. Messias, K. A. Pimbblet, A. Raccanelli, K. E. Randall, T. H. Reiprich, I. G. Roseboom, H. Röttgering, D. J. Saikia, R. G. Sharp, O. B. Slee, Ian Smail, M. A. Thompson, J. S. Urquhart, J. V. Wall, G.-B. Zhao
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- Journal:
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 28 / Issue 3 / 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2013, pp. 215-248
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EMU is a wide-field radio continuum survey planned for the new Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) telescope. The primary goal of EMU is to make a deep (rms ∼ 10 μJy/beam) radio continuum survey of the entire Southern sky at 1.3 GHz, extending as far North as +30° declination, with a resolution of 10 arcsec. EMU is expected to detect and catalogue about 70 million galaxies, including typical star-forming galaxies up to z ∼ 1, powerful starbursts to even greater redshifts, and active galactic nuclei to the edge of the visible Universe. It will undoubtedly discover new classes of object. This paper defines the science goals and parameters of the survey, and describes the development of techniques necessary to maximise the science return from EMU.
Molecular cloning of schistosome genes
- D. W. Taylor, J. S. Cordingley, D. W. Dunne, K. S. Johnson, W. J. Haddow, C. E. Hormaeche, V. Nene, A. E. Butterworth
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- Parasitology / Volume 92 / Issue S1 / January 1986
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 August 2011, pp. S73-S81
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As part of an integrated programme investigating human schistosomiasis, work which involves epidemiological surveys and detailed immunological studies as well as biochemical investigations, we have, over the last three years, been cloning schistosome genes in a variety of plasmid and lambda vector systems. In this lecture we present a review of some selected aspects of work primarily aimed at production of experimental vaccines against the disease but which, on a broader front, is also concerned with developmental regulation of gene expression around the parasite's life-cycle. Specifically, we are interested in cloning three groups of genes. First, those encoding surface antigens; second, those associated with sexual maturity and egg production; and third, antigens which may provide a basis for a specific immunodiagnostic test.
Contributors
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- By Aakash Agarwala, Linda S. Aglio, Rae M. Allain, Paul D. Allen, Houman Amirfarzan, Yasodananda Kumar Areti, Amit Asopa, Edwin G. Avery, Patricia R. Bachiller, Angela M. Bader, Rana Badr, Sibinka Bajic, David J. Baker, Sheila R. Barnett, Rena Beckerly, Lorenzo Berra, Walter Bethune, Sascha S. Beutler, Tarun Bhalla, Edward A. Bittner, Jonathan D. Bloom, Alina V. Bodas, Lina M. Bolanos-Diaz, Ruma R. Bose, Jan Boublik, John P. Broadnax, Jason C. Brookman, Meredith R. Brooks, Roland Brusseau, Ethan O. Bryson, Linda A. Bulich, Kenji Butterfield, William R. Camann, Denise M. Chan, Theresa S. Chang, Jonathan E. Charnin, Mark Chrostowski, Fred Cobey, Adam B. Collins, Mercedes A. Concepcion, Christopher W. Connor, Bronwyn Cooper, Jeffrey B. Cooper, Martha Cordoba-Amorocho, Stephen B. Corn, Darin J. Correll, Gregory J. Crosby, Lisa J. Crossley, Deborah J. Culley, Tomas Cvrk, Michael N. D'Ambra, Michael Decker, Daniel F. Dedrick, Mark Dershwitz, Francis X. Dillon, Pradeep Dinakar, Alimorad G. Djalali, D. John Doyle, Lambertus Drop, Ian F. Dunn, Theodore E. Dushane, Sunil Eappen, Thomas Edrich, Jesse M. Ehrenfeld, Jason M. Erlich, Lucinda L. Everett, Elliott S. Farber, Khaldoun Faris, Eddy M. Feliz, Massimo Ferrigno, Richard S. Field, Michael G. Fitzsimons, Hugh L. Flanagan Jr., Vladimir Formanek, Amanda A. Fox, John A. Fox, Gyorgy Frendl, Tanja S. Frey, Samuel M. Galvagno Jr., Edward R. Garcia, Jonathan D. Gates, Cosmin Gauran, Brian J. Gelfand, Simon Gelman, Alexander C. Gerhart, Peter Gerner, Omid Ghalambor, Christopher J. Gilligan, Christian D. Gonzalez, Noah E. Gordon, William B. Gormley, Thomas J. Graetz, Wendy L. Gross, Amit Gupta, James P. Hardy, Seetharaman Hariharan, Miriam Harnett, Philip M. Hartigan, Joaquim M. Havens, Bishr Haydar, Stephen O. Heard, James L. Helstrom, David L. Hepner, McCallum R. Hoyt, Robert N. Jamison, Karinne Jervis, Stephanie B. Jones, Swaminathan Karthik, Richard M. Kaufman, Shubjeet Kaur, Lee A. Kearse Jr., John C. Keel, Scott D. Kelley, Albert H. Kim, Amy L. Kim, Grace Y. Kim, Robert J. Klickovich, Robert M. Knapp, Bhavani S. Kodali, Rahul Koka, Alina Lazar, Laura H. Leduc, Stanley Leeson, Lisa R. Leffert, Scott A. LeGrand, Patricio Leyton, J. Lance Lichtor, John Lin, Alvaro A. Macias, Karan Madan, Sohail K. Mahboobi, Devi Mahendran, Christine Mai, Sayeed Malek, S. Rao Mallampati, Thomas J. Mancuso, Ramon Martin, Matthew C. Martinez, J. A. Jeevendra Martyn, Kai Matthes, Tommaso Mauri, Mary Ellen McCann, Shannon S. McKenna, Dennis J. McNicholl, Abdel-Kader Mehio, Thor C. Milland, Tonya L. K. Miller, John D. Mitchell, K. Annette Mizuguchi, Naila Moghul, David R. Moss, Ross J. Musumeci, Naveen Nathan, Ju-Mei Ng, Liem C. Nguyen, Ervant Nishanian, Martina Nowak, Ala Nozari, Michael Nurok, Arti Ori, Rafael A. Ortega, Amy J. Ortman, David Oxman, Arvind Palanisamy, Carlo Pancaro, Lisbeth Lopez Pappas, Benjamin Parish, Samuel Park, Deborah S. Pederson, Beverly K. Philip, James H. Philip, Silvia Pivi, Stephen D. Pratt, Douglas E. Raines, Stephen L. Ratcliff, James P. Rathmell, J. Taylor Reed, Elizabeth M. Rickerson, Selwyn O. Rogers Jr., Thomas M. Romanelli, William H. Rosenblatt, Carl E. Rosow, Edgar L. Ross, J. Victor Ryckman, Mônica M. Sá Rêgo, Nicholas Sadovnikoff, Warren S. Sandberg, Annette Y. Schure, B. Scott Segal, Navil F. Sethna, Swapneel K. Shah, Shaheen F. Shaikh, Fred E. Shapiro, Torin D. Shear, Prem S. Shekar, Stanton K. Shernan, Naomi Shimizu, Douglas C. Shook, Kamal K. Sikka, Pankaj K. Sikka, David A. Silver, Jeffrey H. Silverstein, Emily A. Singer, Ken Solt, Spiro G. Spanakis, Wolfgang Steudel, Matthias Stopfkuchen-Evans, Michael P. Storey, Gary R. Strichartz, Balachundhar Subramaniam, Wariya Sukhupragarn, John Summers, Shine Sun, Eswar Sundar, Sugantha Sundar, Neelakantan Sunder, Faraz Syed, Usha B. Tedrow, Nelson L. Thaemert, George P. Topulos, Lawrence C. Tsen, Richard D. Urman, Charles A. Vacanti, Francis X. Vacanti, Joshua C. Vacanti, Assia Valovska, Ivan T. Valovski, Mary Ann Vann, Susan Vassallo, Anasuya Vasudevan, Kamen V. Vlassakov, Gian Paolo Volpato, Essi M. Vulli, J. Matthias Walz, Jingping Wang, James F. Watkins, Maxwell Weinmann, Sharon L. Wetherall, Mallory Williams, Sarah H. Wiser, Zhiling Xiong, Warren M. Zapol, Jie Zhou
- Edited by Charles Vacanti, Scott Segal, Pankaj Sikka, Richard Urman
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- Essential Clinical Anesthesia
- Published online:
- 05 January 2012
- Print publication:
- 11 July 2011, pp xv-xxviii
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Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. 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Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. 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Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. 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Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Contributors
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- By Jon G. Allen, Robert F Anda, Susan L. Andersen, Carl M. Anderson, Wendy d’ Andrea, Tal Astrachan, Anthony W. Bateman, Carla Bernardes, Renato Borgatti, Bekh Bradley, J. Douglas Bremner, John Briere, Amy F. Buckley, Jean-Francois Bureau, Kathleen M. Chard, Dennis Charney, Anthony Charuvastra, Jeewook Choi, Marylene Cloitre, Melody D. Combs, Constance J. Dalenberg, Martin J. Dorahy, Michael D. De Bellis, Anne P. DePrince, Erin C. Dunn, Vincent J. Felitti, Philip A. Fisher, Peter Fonagy, Julian D. Ford, Amit Goldenberg, Megan R. Gunnar, Udi Harari, Felicia Heidenreich, Christine Heim, Judith Herman MD, Monica Hodges, Shlomit Jacobson-Pick, Joan Kaufman, Karestan C. Koenen, Ruth A. Lanius, Jamie L. LaPrairie, Alicia F. Lieberman, Richard J. Loewenstein, Sonia J. Lupien MD, Karlen Lyons-Ruth, Jodi Martin, Bruce McEwen, Alexander C. McFarlane, Rosario Montirosso, Charles B. Nemeroff, Pat Ogden, Fatih Ozbay, Clare Pain, Kelsey Paulson, Oxana G. Palesh, Ms. Keren Rabi, Gal Richter-Levin, Andrea L. Roberts, Cécile Rousseau, Cécile Rousseau, Monica Ruiz-Casares, Christian Schmahl, Allan N. Schore, Sally B. Seraphin, Vansh Sharma, Yi-Shin Sheu, Kelly Skelton, Steven Southwick, David Spiegel, Deborah M. Stone, Nathan Szajnberg, Martin H. Teicher, Akemi Tomoda, Ed Tronick, Onno van der Hart, Bessel van der Kolk, Eric Vermetten, Tamara Weiss, Victor Welzant
- Edited by Ruth A. Lanius, University of Western Ontario, Eric Vermetten, Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands, Clare Pain, University of Toronto
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- The Impact of Early Life Trauma on Health and Disease
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- 03 May 2011
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- 05 August 2010, pp vii-xii
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Population Studies of the Pea Aphid in East Anglia
- J. A. Dunn, D. W. Wright
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- Bulletin of Entomological Research / Volume 46 / Issue 2 / August 1955
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 July 2009, pp. 369-387
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Data on the populations of the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), have been accumulated over four years on several leguminous crops in East Anglia. The populations on lucerne have provided the most extensive studies.
Considerable annual variation was shown by the populations, but in spring the development of a peak in the numbers of Aphids occurred on lucerne, hop trefoil and sainfoin. On lucerne, which was periodically cut, the Aphids persisted throughout the growing season and a tendency towards the development of a peak in numbers in the autumn was also recorded.
All the factors which affected the number of Aphids varied considerably in the influence they exerted. The probable reason for the more obvious trends in the populations have been given in fairly broad outline, but how the effect of these factors had been altered or predisposed by less apparent factors has been speculated upon only in certain instances.
Varietal Differences in the Susceptibility of Peas to Attack by the Pea Moth, Laspeyresia nigricana (Steph.)
- D. W. Wright, Q. A. Geering, J. A. Dunn
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- Journal:
- Bulletin of Entomological Research / Volume 41 / Issue 4 / May 1951
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- 10 July 2009, pp. 663-677
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The variations in susceptibility of different varieties of peas to attack by the Pea Moth was investigated and an attempt made to determine and measure the factors concerned. Six varieties of peas differing widely in haulm length and earliness of maturation were used in each of two trials. In the first trial (sown 29th March) the early maturing varieties came into flower before the moths were recorded on the crops and suffered the lowest attacks. The later varieties were exposed to attack over a much longer period and suffered the heaviest infestations. In the second trial (sown 3rd May) the attack was more uniform over all varieties with the early varieties more heavily affected than in the first trial; they were exposed to attack from the beginning of flowering until harvesting.
An estimate of the changes in the active moth population during the flight period was obtained and the varieties were compared in relation to the proportion of this population to which each had been exposed. There was a strong positive correlation between the degree of exposure and the incidence of attack on the different varieties.
The infestation of the varieties was also found to be influenced by the amount of cover which each provided; those with the most dense cover suffered the heaviest attacks.
Statistical analyses showed that the two factors, exposure and plant cover, were closely associated and exerted a joint influence on subsequent attack.
Data from other trials corroborated these findings and showed that strains of peas bred to mature early suffered substantially lower pea moth attack than did the later maturing types from which these had been bred.
Overwintering Egg Populations of the Pea Aphid in East Anglia
- J. A. Dunn, D. W. Wright
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- Journal:
- Bulletin of Entomological Research / Volume 46 / Issue 2 / August 1955
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- 10 July 2009, pp. 389-392
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Egg populations of the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), overwintering on lucerne and hop trefoil have been followed. On hop trefoil the overwintering mortality of these eggs was 83 per cent. Although the mortality was apparently less on lucerne, a wide discrepancy existed between the two crops in the ratio between the total numbers of eggs at the beginning of eclosion and the number of Aphids which successfully established themselves the following spring. The peak number of fundatrices on lucerne was three times the egg total at the beginning of eclosion whereas on hop trefoil it was only half. Many more eggs than were recorded were undoubtedly laid on the lucerne plants and the high number of fundatrices subsequently found must have emerged from eggs that had fallen or been knocked off the host-plant.
Memory selectivity and unilateral cerebral dysfunction
- D. R. Master, C. Thompson, G. Dunn, W. A. Lishman
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 16 / Issue 4 / November 1986
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- 09 July 2009, pp. 781-788
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The relative speed of recall of pleasant and unpleasant experiences was investigated in patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy and after unilateral temporal lobectomy. Indications have been obtained that right, but not left, temporal lobe dysfunction may impair hedonic aspects of memory selectivity.
Modification of the pathogenicity of Schistosoma mattheei for sheep by passage of the parasite in hamsters
- M. G. Taylor, E. R. James, G. S. Nelson, Q. Bickle, D. W. Dunne, A. R. Dobinson, J. D. Dargie, C. I. Berry, M. F. Hussein
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- Journal:
- Journal of Helminthology / Volume 51 / Issue 4 / December 1977
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- 05 June 2009, pp. 337-345
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Border Leicester X Suffolk sheep infected with a strain of S. mattheei maintained in hamsters do not develop the same pathological changes as Romney Marsh sheep infected with the same strain of parasite before hamster passage. To determine the cause of this reduced pathogenicity, five Romney Marsh sheep were each infected with 10 000 cercariae of the hamster-passaged parasite and five with 10 000 cercariae of a S. mattheei strain from Onderstepoort, South Africa, passaged exclusively through sheep.
Striking pathological and parasitological differences were found between the two strains. Infection with the “sheep” strain was lethal, whereas infection with the “hamster” strain produced little evidence of clinical disease. By 13 weeks post-infection the mean body weight of the sheep infected with the sheep strain had declined by 15% compared with both the uninfected controls and the sheep infected with the hamster strain, and the mean PCV was lowered to 20% in the sheep strain infected animals. Egg production began at seven weeks with the sheep strain, faecal counts rising to more than 300 e.p.g., whereas only two of the sheep infected with the hamster strain passed eggs in the faeces (at nine weeks) and the maximum egg count was 50 e.p.g. Twice as many adult worms of the sheep strain were recovered, and, although the number of eggs found in the tissues “per worm pair” was not significantly different, overall egg production was higher for the sheep strain; also more of the sheep strain eggs were deposited in the intestines. Similar parasite differences were seen in a supplementary study in mice and it seemed that “attenuation” of the parasite had occurred, presumably due to its maintenance in hamsters. Histopathological observations and faecal egg counts both indicated an inability of hamster strain eggs to penetrate the intestinal lumen; this was probably important in reducing the pathogenicity of the hamster strain.
The Distribution of Nematode Eggs when using a Dilution-Egg-Count Procedure*
- J. E. Dunn, R. W. Poteet, D. P. Conway
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- Journal:
- Journal of Helminthology / Volume 40 / Issue 3-4 / September 1966
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- 05 June 2009, pp. 309-322
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By combining a number of well-known but scattered results, a theoretical model has been constructed to explain the observed quadratic increase in sample variance of egg counts over sample mean with increasing egg concentration. Our contention is that the over-dispersion arises because of inherent variation in volumetric deliveries of faecal suspension onto the counting slide. Even though the observed variation of volumetric deliveries appears to be small, we have shown that it is adequate to cause a considerable increase in egg count variance over mean at not unreasonably high concentrations.
Immunisation of sheep against Schistosoma mattheei using either irradiated cercariae or irradiated schistosomula
- M. G. Taylor, E. R. James, G. S. Nelson, Q. Bickle, D. W. Dunne, G. Webbe
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- Journal:
- Journal of Helminthology / Volume 50 / Issue 1 / March 1976
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 June 2009, pp. 1-9
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Irradiated cercariae, irradiated schistosomula, or hcterologous infections were used to vaccinate sheep against Schistosoma mattheei infection. In the first experiment four doses of I04 S. mattheei cercariae irradiated at 6Kr were administered to sheep by percutaneous infection at 4 week intervals. This induced a 74% reduction in a challenge infection compared to control sheep while only 13% protection was achieved in a third group of sheep immunised with normal cercariae of the heterologous parasite S. mansoni. No significant differences were seen in histopathology of the liver of any of the sheep but the pathological changes were more severe in the large and small intestines of sheep vaccinated with the heterologous parasite. In the second experiment with irradiated cercariae only one or two immunising exposures were used. The degree of protection in the adult worm load (9–11%) was not significant and no significant differences were noticed in the pathology of the vaccinated and control animals. In the third experiment four doses of irradiated organisms were used to vaccinate five groups of sheep: 3Kr or 6Kr cercariae were administered by percutaneous infection; 6Kr skin-transformed scbistosomula were administered by intramuscular injection; the same 6Kr skin-transformed schistosomula were given by intravenous injection and 6Kr syringe transformed schistosomula were administered by intramuscular injection. The degree of protection (determined as the reduction in worm burden) achieved by these different procedures was respectively 72%, 61%, 77%, 56% and 78%. These results indicate the possibility of making a live vaccine against ovine schistosomiasis and show that effective immunisation is not dependent on the presence of a mature worm infection or on cercarial penetration of the skin by the immunising infection.